CEDICT.DOC - README file for CEDICT - Chinese-English Dictionary Date: 1 October 2005 Preface ~~~~~~~ Sometime in 2000 the web page of the originator of the CEDICT project, Paul Denisowski, disappeared from the web and his e-mail addresses stopped working. To continue the work, I have taken the last versions of the dictionary and have started correcting and adding to them with the same intent as Paul, to provide a freely available, searchable Chinese/English dictionary. Below is the original README file from Paul. Introduction ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The objective of the CEDICT project is to create an online, downloadable (as opposed to searchable-only) public-domain Chinese-English dictionary. For the most part, the project is modelled on Jim Breen's highly successful EDICT (Japanese-English dictionary) project and is intended to be a collaborative effort, with users providing entries and corrections to the main file. For specific limitations regarding its use, please see the CEDICT license included in Appendix A of this document. History ~~~~~~~ Since the project was only started in October 1997, it's probably a bit of a stretch to say that it has a "history". Actually, the project in part grew out of my (very limited) involvement in the EDICT project, which gave me some very useful practice in compiling dictionary entries. After beginning the PhD program in Linguistics at UNC-CH, I had decided to dust off my (very dusty) Chinese to help in my academic research of Asian languages (particularly Vietnamese). To this end I began to keep a list of words I encountered in my reading, and this list formed the original (c. 500 entry) CEDICT, which I first posted to my UNC web site (http://www.unc.edu/~pauld) sometime in November 1997. Since then the list has grown at a fairly steady pace. In April 1998, the CEDICT project was moved to a new location (www.mindspring.com/~paul_denisowski). In May 1998, CEDICT began to be mirrored at the Monash Nihongo ftp archive (ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/) thanks to the very generous effort of Jim Breen. Now it is hosted at http://www.mandarintools.com/cedict.html Contributors ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Although CEDICT started out as a one-person project, contributions from the Internet community have become the major source of new entries. Contributors thus far to the project are (in chronological order): Ocrat, Mike Wright, Wenke Wei, Sharlene Liu, Richard Warmington, Erik Peterson, Derek Chadwick, Dave Hiebeler, Steve Swales, Carl Hoffman (Please let me know if I've left someone off the list) Another important contributor is the creator of NJSTAR, Hongbo Ni (hongbo@njstar.com.au : http://www.njstar.com.au) who provided the tools needed to generate the NJSTAR dictionary index files. Although I originally used a home-brew Perl script to do this, the newer method is a _substantial_ and much appreciated improvement over my own meager efforts. Last, but certainly not least of the CEDICT contributors is Jim Breen, who not only provided the inspiration for CEDICT through the highly successful EDICT project, but who has also very graciously allowed CEDICT to be mirrored at the Monash Nihongo ftp site (ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/). Contribution Guidelines ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Contributions are always warmly welcome. THE TECHNICAL GUIDELINES The CEDICT format is: CHINESE [pinyin] /English definition 1/English definition 2/.../ Please send entries in Big5 encoding Pinyin tones should be indicated by numbers 1-5, as follows: 1=level tone, 2=rising tone, 3=mid-rising tone, 4=falling tone, 5=neutral tone Please indicate the neutral tone (5) (e.g. xue2 sheng5 instead of xue2 sheng) I've also been seperating pinyin syllables with a space for readability, e.g. [zhong1 guo2] instead of [zhong1guo2] Avoid using square brackets for anything but pinyin. Use parenthesis instead: e.g. /Beijing (capital of mainland China)/ and not /Beijing [....]/ Avoid using hyphens (-) in the pinyin I'm also trying to keep all the pinyin lowercase, even for proper nouns. Please mail all contributions to cedict@chinesetools.com THE NON-TECHNICAL GUIDELINES In order to preserve the public-domain/freeware aspect of this dictionary, please do not send in entries from copyrighted sources, especially from electronic media. This also includes web sites with copyrighted material. If in doubt, please ask the copyright owner first. Please make sure to check your contributions against the latest version of CEDICT. Editing for duplicates has become a more serious issue as the dictionary grows in size. If you want to submit additional definitions for existing entries, please submit ONLY the new definition in the normal CEDICT format (I have a script that will merge them). Please try to observe the CEDICT format. Again, I don't mind writing scripts to clean up contributions that don't meet the above format, but it's impractical to do this except for very large files Please be careful about pinyin tones, especially when it comes to hanzi that change tone (such as "bu" - not, or "yi" - one) and final hanzi (as in "xue2 sheng5"). Since I'm not a native speaker I have to rely on the goodwill of others to correct pinyin/hanzi errors. Although I've gotten some suggestions about splitting CEDICT up into specialized dictionaries (esp for proper names and technical terms, as EDICT has done), for the time being, there's no need to seperate entries by subject matter. Revision History (since 16 December 1997) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Version: 16 December 1997 1337 entries Contributions/Corrections by Paul Denisowski 17 December 1997 1677 entries Contributions/Corrections by Paul Denisowski, Ocrat 28 December 1997 2077 entries Contributions/Corrections by Paul Denisowski 2 January 1998 2115 entries Contributions/Corrections by Paul Denisowski NJSTAR dictionary format version now supplied using tools provided by NJSTAR's creator, Hongbo Ni 9 January 1998 2751 entries Corrections by Mike Wright Contributions/Corrections by Paul Denisowski 20 January 1998 3252 entries Corrections by Ocrat Contributions/Corrections by Paul Denisowski 01 February 1998 3947 entries Contributions/Corrections by Paul Denisowski 14 March 1998 4570 entries Corrections by Wenke Wei and Sharlene Liu Contributions/Corrections by Paul Denisowski 29 March 1998 7419 entries VOA vocabulary files contributed by Ocrat (c. 4500 entries) Contributions/Corrections by Paul Denisowski 06 April 1998 Project moves to new website: www.mindspring.com/~paul_denisowski/cedict.html 7720 entries Contributions/Corrections by Richard Warmington, Paul Denisowski 11 April 1998 7850 entries Contributions/Corrections by Paul Denisowski 24 April 1998 8447 entries Contributions/Corrections by Erik Peterson, Paul Denisowski 4 May 1998 11349 entries Over 3000 entries contributed by Derek Chadwick Contributions/Corrections by Paul Denisowski 11 May 1998 11564 entries Contributions/Corrections by Richard Warmington, Paul Denisowski Jim Breen adds CEDICT to Monash Nihongo ftp archive: ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/ 01 June 1998 12132 entries Contributions/Corrections by Ocrat, Paul Denisowski 05 July 1998 12221 entries Contributions/Corrections by Dave Hiebeler, Steve Swales, Carl Hoffman, Paul Denisowski 1 Septemeber 1998 16830 entries Contributions/Corrections by Dave Hiebeler, Erik Peterson, Paul Denisowski 1 November 1998 23510 entries Merged in public-domain cchelp file (Author: Stephen G. Simpson simpson@math.psu.edu) 2 September 2000 23484 entries Fixed formatting errors, regularized the way u: is represented, added a 5 to indicate light tone on pinyin with no tone number, reordered dictionary by pinyin, and removed some duplicate entries. 5 January 2001 23481 entries Made corrections and removed duplicate entries suggested by Richard Warmington. 26 June 2002 23483 entries Ran the dictionary through a spell checker and fixes dozens of English definition spelling errors. 9 January 2003 B5: Unique Words: 22947, Definitions: 23519 Added in contributions from Sebastien Bruggeman and others. Fixed spelling and pinyin errors. Removed duplicate entries. 23 January 2003 GB Words: 21544, Defs: 22346 Big5 Words: 23820, Defs: 24400 Added in some wordlists. Fixed some errors in creation of GB version. 28 January 2003 GB Words: 23243, Defs: 24063 Big5 Words: 25541, Defs: 26120 Added in a huge wordlist from Ron Grenier (Thanks Ron!) 07 February 2003 GB Words: 23316, Defs: 24149 Big5 Words: 25616, Defs: 26206 Added in Chinese titles for various family relations. 27 February 2003 GB Words: 23451, Defs: 24285 Big5 Words: 25746, Defs: 26343 Added in fixes and new words from Eric Goodell (Thanks Eric!) 28 April 2003 GB Words: 23494, Defs: 24328 Big5 Words: 25789, Defs: 26387 Various corrections and new words from the news. 30 May 2003 GB Words: 23512, Defs: 24345 Big5 Words: 25807, Defs: 26404 Various corrections and new words from the news. 23 October 2004 GB Words: 23722, Defs: 24556 Big5 Words: 26017, Defs: 26617 Country and city names contributed by Jack Halpern. 8 January 2005 GB Words: 23825, Defs: 24665 Big5 Words: 26120, Defs: 26726 New words and corrections from Steven Daniels, EuroAsiaSoftware, David Rhys Jones, Matthew Fischer, and Xianwen Cao 11 April 2005 UTF8 Defs: 27085 GB Words: 24210, Defs: 25027 Big5 Words: 26452, Defs: 27085 New words and corrections from Michael Burkhardt, Micah, Steven Daniels, Vincent Ramos, Matthew Fischer, Simon Rapp, John Jenkins, Erik Peterson, David Lancashire, Luiz Borges, Brian Schack. 11 June 2005 UTF8 Defs: 28712 GB Words: 25802, Defs: 26650 Big5 Words: 28029, Defs: 28694 New words and corrections from Dennis Vierkant, Steven Daniels, Robert Wills, James Worsley, Erik Peterson. 9 August 2005 UTF8 Defs: 28805 GB Words: 25897, Defs: 26743 Big5 Words: 28124, Defs: 28787 New entries and corrections from Erik Peterson, Andreas Graf, Michael Burkhardt, James Corey, Bryan Chen, Matthias Langer. 3 September 2005 UTF8 Defs: 29079 GB Words: 26210, Defs: 26968 Big5 Words: 28427, Defs: 29059 Corrections and new entries from Erik Peterson, Ron Molenda, Tim Lindeman. Tibetan place names from Jan Zapotocky. Corrected some trad/simp issues due to new UTF-8 format. 1 October 2005 UTF8 Defs: 30546 GB Words: 27610, Defs: 28411 Big5 Words: 29869, Defs: 30499 Various terms from the news and the sciences. Corrections and new entries from Erik Peterson, Ron Molenda, Matthias Langer. = ========================================================================== CEDICT LICENCE STATEMENT Copyright (C) 1997, 1998 Paul Andrew Denisowski This licence statement and copyright notice applies to the CEDICT Chinese/English Dictionary file, the associated documentation file CEDICT.DOC, and any data files which are derived from them. COPYING AND DISTRIBUTION Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of these files provided this copyright notice and permission notice is distributed with all copies. Any distribution of the files must take place without a financial return, except a charge to cover the cost of the distribution medium. Permission is granted to make and distribute extracts or subsets of the CEDICT file under the same conditions applying to verbatim copies. Permission is granted to translate the English elements of the CEDICT file into other languages, and to make and distribute copies of those translations under the same conditions applying to verbatim copies. USAGE These files may be freely used by individuals, and may be accessed by software belonging to, or operated by, such individuals. The files, extracts from the files, and translations of the files must not be sold as part of any commercial software package, nor must they be incorporated in any published dictionary or other printed document without the specific permission of the copyright holder. COPYRIGHT Copyright over the documents covered by this statement is held by Paul Denisowski.